Sleep Deprivation On 911 Telecommunication Dispatchers

In the current world, the culture of operating on little sleep seems to be regarded highly. Nowhere is this phenomenon more profound than for 911 telecommunication dispatchers. These employees, who consider sleep deprivation not as unique to their schedule, constantly have to respond to callers and coordinate services to emergency situations involving fires, health situations, burglary cases, car chases, and other situations needing emergency help. However, the effects of sleep deprivation on these workers can be monumental, given that sleep is critical for the normal functioning of the human body. Against this grounding, this article describes the effects of sleep deprivation on 911 telecommunication dispatchers and cites some of the incidents where deprivation caused wrong services to be dispatched, highlights how lack of rest can affect the mood and health of the person and put the lives of the citizens at risk. In addition, illustrates how sleep deprivation jeopardizes the employ ee, company, and the county the 911 agency represents with regards to law and accountability. There are various examples of incidences where sleep deprivation has made 911 dispatchers issue wrong services and consequentially cause injuries or death to people needing the services. In one of the recent cases which happened in 2012, a 911 dispatcher in Maryland failed to order an ambulance despite the efforts of a woman who called to report her husband’s troubled breathing (Clarke). While the

The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck - 1119 Words

Accomplished novelist, John Steinbeck, born in 1902, serves as a staple of American literature. He grew up in Salinas, California and graduated from Salinas High School in 1919. After attending Stanford University to study English Literature and failing to obtain a degree, Steinbeck moved to New York City and jumped between odd jobs and writing. With no luck in becoming published, he moved back to California, where he spent the rest of his life. As the author of novels, both fiction and nonfiction, along with collections of short stories, Steinbeck can definitely be recognized as a true classic author. His most noteworthy novel, The Grapes of Wrath, rightfully claims both the Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award. Another famous novel, Of Mice and Men, reveals Steinbeck’s serious tone of writing as well as a tragic story line in his work. As the winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature, his novels are still read and appreciated all around the world today. Living and wri ting during the Great Depression, Steinbeck realized that oftentimes, people need to rely on others in times of need. This, however, can create relationships between people in which there is an unequal balance of power. He utilizes his experiences from the Great Depression to demonstrate these differing amounts of dominance. Power and the absence of power shape the relationships and steer the course of events in Of Mice and Men. The main characters in Of Mice and Men are George and Lennie; ironically,Show MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Predictable and Unpredictable Life Events free essay sample

Major life events can be positive and negative and can be unpleasant, frightening, confusing at times. These major life events can be predictable or unpredictable.  Predicted events of a infant could be the mother suffering from post natal depression this can have both positive and negative affects on the chid as although the mother will feel Isolated and may be unable to feed the baby and form and emotional bond with it the m other will Receive forma and in forma hep and this will make her feel more secure as she has support And an un predicted event of infancy could be the chid could have and allergies to certain types of food this may cause the chid to be self conscious and shy as it may fee isolated and confused as to why they are not the same as every on else Predicted events of childhood could be a new baby in the family a positive outcome of this would be that this is a joyous event for the whole family and the child will have somebody to play with But the negative side to this is the chid may also become confused about their new position as an older brother /sister they may become jealous of the attention the young baby is getting this may cause their behaviour to change and they could become aggressive and rude also they may begin to regress slightly and start wetting the bed Unpredicted events could be childhood illness this can be physical or mental and can have devastating effects as the child as the child may be unable to start school at the same time as other children there age and they could have a harder time making new friends and with learning new skills a positive side of this could be the child could learn to cope with or get rid completely of the illness while there still young. We will write a custom essay sample on Predictable and Unpredictable Life Events or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Predictable events of adolescence would be puberty the negative side to this would be that the hormonal changes bring about mood swings and sometimes depression they could suffer from feelings of loneliness and of unacceptance but a positive side to this could be that they grow more mature and independent they can go out with there friend s on their own making long erm friends abstract thinking- think about what its is they want to do with there life Un predicted events of adolescence would be the birth of un unwanted baby the negative side to this would be there would be un obvious unhappy family situation and they may not have adequate housing for the baby also the father of the child may have they might be on an unsteady income this will cause unhappiness and depression they may feel angry at the world and stay away from the people which will lower their self-esteem and confidence in talking to other people again their anger would lead them to end up criticising themselves. And be ing on your own isnt easy. They can become anxious and handling daily stress can become very difficult for them. Predictable events of adulthood can be getting married positive side happy occasion family come together to celebrate. They could be buying a new home together more income Negative side could be the family falling out over the wedding plans difficulty adjusting to new married life and the financial implication of the wedding Unpredictable events of adulthood can be financial problems or lost of job positive side this could be a perfect time to train for a new job or start your own business negative side the house may become reposed and credit cards may be stopped and it will be hard dealing with their new financial situation this can cause stress and depression and arguments with family members addictions can be developed at this time. Predictable events of old age retirement positive side you will have less responsibilities and will have more time to spend with your family and you could start volunteering or take up a hobby or go on holiday negative side you could be unable to travel because of sickness and you may get bored and depressed as you have nothing to do they may also have to deal with bereavements this can be a hard thing to get over Unpredictable events of old age can be family emigrating positive side could be that you never liked some of them and you may like the solitude negative side you may miss them and you could be living alone this would make you more venerable to bugarlary and you will have no support if your health deteriorates

Artificial Intelligence of Machines

Question: Discuss about the Artificial Intelligence of Machines. Answer: Introduction: Artificial Intelligence in the words of Hoagland (1985), its a new effort to made computers think; in short artificial intelligence can be explained as machines with Minds. Artificial intelligence is the property of the machines in which they can think themselves and take necessary actions as required for the given conditions. AI can understand its environment perfectly and take necessary steps as required according to the situation. Its a field of study in computer science which is concentrated over the automation of intelligent behavior in the machines. A human being is unique because of its ability to think and analyze the challenges and capabilities perfectly and we could take necessary steps for the solution of the problems. The Artificial acts same and provides this property to the machines so that they can become intelligent just like the Human beings (Luger Stubblefield, 1993). This commonly involves two main approaches which are reasoning ability and thought process it shou ld be relational as well which means a machine could be rational if it has the ability to perfectly analyze and do the right thing. This requires extensive work and engineering which are evolved with the functions of the Artificial Intelligence. A robot with intelligence can perform a task with accuracy and more efficiently, which is considers as one of the advantages of the Artificial Intelligence. In this assignment, I will discuss the Artificial Intelligence starting from the History and the Evolution. In present Artificial Intelligence is in the developing phase and it's being more accurate and perfect day by day. Literature review: History: Artificial intelligence is a collection of the thoughts, philosophy, and reasoning. From over last 2000 years of tradition in philosophy the theory o the reasoning and philosophy have emerged in significant way. With the development of the human civilization and Mathematics, we have reached ahead. Philosophy, Mathematics, Psychology development has played a significant role in the development of the artificial intelligence. Many Mathematicians has invented many short tricks and methods which were used for the complex mathematical calculations. Later, calculators and counters have played a significant role in the development of technologies which could do faster calculations. The evolution of computer and software has done a significant job with the development of the Artificial Intelligence. The AI research field was first founded in a conference on the campus of the Dartmouth College in the year 1956 which has attracted many types of research like John McCarthy and Arthur Samuel (Cr evier, 1993). Till the 60s the Artificial Intelligence research were mainly funded by the Ministry of Defense with laboratories around the world (Howe, 1994). In 80s the research had achieved significant success in the field of artificial intelligence with the evolution of the Expert systems which has the capability to stimulate the knowledge and the reasoning ability of more than one human expert. This system was commercially successful as many companies and government agencies have adopted this system for the betterment of the businesses and for the research purposes. The artificial Intelligence has been utilized by the researchers for analysis in research facilities and this became useful for them and later on this system was adopted by many more organizations (Russel, 1995). Evolution and Progress: The artificial field of research was first proposed in a conference in the year 1956 which was later proceed by different studies. The evolution of the artificial Intelligence can be found millennia ago with the development of the human civilization. In the dawn of 19th century, William Paley first argued about the requirement of the intelligent designers which are needed for the development of the complex adaptive system. One of very first papers on the machine Intelligence names computing Machinery and Intelligence was written by the British mathematician Alan Turing (Turing, 1950). He started to research over the computable numbers and in the year 1937 he has proposed central limit theorem and wrote about the computable numbers where he has proposed the concept of universal machine. This was used by the British Intelligence in during the Second World War to break the German coded Messages. Successful completion of the artificial Intelligence we need two things, which are artifacts and the intelligence (Negnevitsky, 2005). The computer is considered as artifacts and best equipment which can demonstrate the intelligence. The first operational modern computer was Heath Robinson in the year 1940; this was built by the team of Alan Turings team. In later years many vacuum tubes used Computers came into existence also some programmable computers like German Z-3 computers. The first breakthrough was the IBM 701 which was the most successful General purpose digital computer. This computer became a successful invention in the decade and yielded billions of dollars as revenue for the IBM. This led to the revolution in the computer industry and companies started to spend over the research on the most improved version of the computer system (Specter, 2006). Generation based computer development led to the development of the more improved and developed computer system. The most improved version is the 5th generation of computers which we are using nowadays and, this has the capability calculate a large number of algorithms at a time. The development of the Software system cant be ignored as this made a significant impact on the development of the Artificial Intelligence. In a time frame, the evolution of the artificial Intelligence ranges from the year 1950 to 2015. 1950- Alan turning Turing published the first paper about the artificial Intelligence and stated the possibility of the machines with Intelligence. Alan and team also introduce the first computer which they have used in World War 2 for decoding German messages. This led to the invention of the Vacuum pipe based computer system (Russel, 2003). 1956- John McCarthy first established the Artificial Intelligence research field in a conference. This was stated here and lead to the establishment of research field regarding the Artificial Intelligence. This conference was attended by many types of research. 1995- US department of defiance first used UAV in Balkan war. The predator drone was equipped with Artificial Intelligence system and this led to further development in this field. 1997- IBM Deep blue AI system wins a chess match against world champion Gary Kasparov. 2011- Debut of Virtual personal assistance like SIRI and Cortana. SIRI and CORTANA are two personal assistant robots which are developed by Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp. 2011- IBM Watson computer defeats Jeopardy game show champion. Oct 2013- Vicarious breaks any Captcha and passed the Turing test. Jan 2014- Deep mind teams created a program which won the Atari Games. May 2015- Google started the self-driven cars, which are considered as a revolution in human history. This project is still in development phase and its considered as the next generation machine with Intelligence. Jun 2015- Facebook detects launches moments which can detect faces and make a gallery with tagging the friends whom they know. The timeline describes the real changes which have occurred since the evolution of the Artificial Intelligence. As this is considered that artificial intelligence consists of developing human intelligence and rationality in the machines so we must talk about the human civilization development. Advancement of artificial intelligence: Artificial Intelligence exists in our day to day life, the spell checker which is used by the computers and automatic spelling correction are few examples which we can count. A machine with Artificial Intelligence or we can say that a machine with the self-thinking and analyzing ability is somewhat equal to the normal human being. We use SIRI in our day to day life for personal assistance; the SIRI is a personal assistant for us. This is a robot with own thinking ability and it's designed to solve our issues related to different dimensions. A mining robot goes into the deep ocean and explores the possibility of the existence of oil and minerals inside the sea surface which are a difficult task for a human being meanwhile NASA is extensively using robots with self-intelligence for the Space missions. Artificial can do different tasks; Reasoning and Logic: This is considered as one of the basic needs of the Artificial Intelligence. This is considered as the inbuilt ability of the Artificial Intelligence, which means the machines can do reasoning and produce logic as we humans do. Machines with intelligence are being used in a security system as well as in the defense program by the governments around the world. The present Black Hawk MK 2 predator drone which was developed by the US Department of Defense and this is being used for different purposes. The machines are programmed to do as a specific task which is assigned to do. The accuracy and the time efficiency are considered as major parts (Poole, 1998). Artificial intelligence and their application in our day to day life are increasing significantly. Nowadays with the greater research and development in the computer as well as in the software system is making it more users friendly and advanced. AI is being used in the Games where the opponents are programmed and they can take own moves as per requirements. Machine learning is another thing which can be seen in the artificial intelligence; robots are dancing over the music beats and giving expression. The same applies when robots are playing football like we play with certain moves. This defines the ability of machine learning; these machines are programmed so that they can do certain tasks with more accuracy and with more efficiency at less time (Bundy, 1980). In the 21st century the computer system, as well as the software system, is developing at a greater pace which is considered as host and mind in the Artificial intelligence. Advantage and Disadvantages: The advantages of Artificial Intelligence: The main advantage of the AI is that there is no chance of any error in the work and it also provides the greater accuracy. As we know the computer programs which are being used for the security and checking purposes has an already designed algorithm which they need to follow. Artificial Intelligence helps to reduce the faults which may occur in the humans. In the year 1997- IBM Deep blue AI system wins a chess match against world champion Gary Kasparov. It helps in the mining purpose, as this helps the researchers and miners as intelligent robots explore the ocean earth crust so that find out the presence of fuel and minerals. The intelligent machines and robots explore deep oceans where working for human us difficult. It helps us in playing games- Artificial Intelligence is being used in many games just like FIFA, GTA and much more. The artificial Intelligence plays as our opponent in the game and plans the moves perfectly. The Fraud detection of the card system is possible only because of this artificial intelligence. It helps to repeat the task again and again without any broadness it always works with the same efficiency. The greatest advantage of the Artificial Intelligence is the time efficiency. The machines with Intelligence can work faster and with a more accurate way to do any kind of task. They dont need sleep and rest, thats why many automobile and manufacturing companies are employing Robots with Intelligence for the work purpose. These robots assemble the automobile parts with great accuracy as they work as programmed. The disadvantages of the artificial intelligence: The main disadvantage of the artificial intelligence is that it is too costly to maintain and repair. As this is still in the development phase and there are very few players in the market who are offering AI services. This makes it costly to afford. The machines store huge data, but it cannot store the data as the human beings can store it has limitation. As for the example the computers ( Intel Core 2) ha 291 million transistors whereas the number of neurons in human brains accounts as 20 billion and the number of Synapses in the human brain is about 240 trillion. If the control of the machines goes in the hand of any wrong person then it can cause destruction. This is an imminent threat to the human being if someone use this system in a wrong way. This is widely discussed amo0ng the masses. Another Disadvantage of the Artificial intelligence is the lack of human touch in different activities. How robots can compete with the human mind, this is an important question. Humans are emotional and they can feel and analyze a situation more accurately than a machine can do. With the Increasing use of the Artificial Intelligence, there are several concerns about the human abilities. This may impact humans thinking and working capabilities, with depending heavily upon the machines and over the artificial intelligence the humans will become more dependent. Conclusion: In this assignment, I have discussed the Artificial Intelligence. Artificial system is a revolutionary development in human history which consists of philosophy, behavior and the technological advancement generation by generations. In this assignment, I conclude that Artificial Intelligence is an ongoing development in the present human generation which will define the future of the human-made technology. The present artificial Intelligence contains the roots from last 2000 years when human civilizations started to define the behavior and philosophy. I have also discussed the Evolution of the Computer system as well as the Artificial Intelligence; this was first started in 1951 by the British scientist Turing which is later preceded by different researchers and scientists. The evolution process also contains the development of the digital computer and the software. I have also mentioned the ability of the Artificial Intelligence, what this technology can do and where we are using thi s technology. The pros and cons are also stated in the assignment. These advantages and Disadvantages are something which is needed to be addressed properly. Especially, the impacts of the artificial Intelligence over the Human thinking and working ability. Being too much dependable over the artificial intelligence and technology will make us lazy and dependable over the technology. This will also affect our capabilities, so we need to address these issues to improve the situation which we may face. Reference: Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd Nilsson, Nils (2009). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. New York: Cambridge University Press Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press Spector, (2012), Evolution of artificial intelligence, ELSEVIER Journal Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Charniak, D. McDermott, (1985), Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley Dean, J. Allen, Y. Aloimonos, (1995), Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice, Benjamin/Cummings, New York Lara, (2015), What Can Artificial Intelligence Do For Us? Retrieved from https://thegreatiproject.com/what-can-artificial-intelligence-do-for-us/ N.J. Nilsson, (1998), Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective" Haugeland, John (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press Lohn, G.S. Hornby, D. Linden, An evolved antenna for deployment on NASAs space technology 5 mission Yu, B. Worzel (Eds.), (2004) Genetic Programming Theory and Practice II, Springer, New York Poli, W.B. Langdon, (2006) Backward-chaining evolutionary algorithms, Artificial Intelligence P.H. Winston, (1984), Artificial Intelligence, second ed., Addison-Wesley A.M. Turing, (1992), Intelligent machinery, in D.C. Ince (Ed.), Collected Works of A.M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam Abelson, H. and DiSessa, A. (1981). Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Abramson, H., and Rogers, M.H. (Eds.) (1989). Meta-Programming in Logic Programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.